Rasta Farians

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8EJVcRJSXo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ6uGRmPQSQ (Rasta Africa Music)

Thesis

THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING GAMES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE THIRD GRADERS OF TOP SCHOOL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL



FINAL PROJECT REPORT

Submitted as a partial fulfillment of requirements in Obtaining Degree in The English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts,

Sebelas Maret University

By:

Nova Pravita Rus Diana

C9307062
ENGLISH DIPLOMA PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2010 ii



APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners

English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

Sebelas Maret University

Report Title : THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING GAMES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE THIRD GRADERS OF TOP SCHOOL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Student’s name : Nova Pravita Rus Diana

NIM : C9307062

Examination Date : July 12,2010

The Board of Examiners

1. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M. A (…………………………….)

Chairperson NIP.196708301993021001

2. Ida Kusumadewi (…………………………….)

Secretary NIP.197105251998022001

3. Prof. Drs. M. R. Nababan, M. Ed. M.A, Ph. D (…………………………….)

Main Examiner NIP.196303281992011001

Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

Sebelas Maret University

Dean

Drs. Sudarno, M.A

19530314198506100 iii



MOTTO

 I will do my best and God will do the best iv




DEDICATION
This final project report is

dedicated to:


 My beloved Parents

Thanks for your pray…

I love you.
 My Best Friends

Thanks for your support.

I miss u all.


 Top School

Thanks for the chance which

was given for me


to hold my job training. v



PREFACE

First of all the writer would like to be grateful to Jesus who gives her strength in everything so that she can finish this final project. The writer also would like to say thanks to all people who support her in finishing this final project. This final project report is written to fulfill the requirement in obtaining degree of English Diploma Program. It is a report of job training activities that have been done by the writer in Top School Elementary School.

It reports the description of teaching process to the third grade students by using games and find out the advantages and disadvantages of the method used.

The writer realizes that this final project is not perfect. Therefore all suggestions and criticisms to improve the work will be more accepted. The writer hopes this final project will be useful and will give advantages to the readers who are interested in teaching English to young learners

The Writer vi




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Shallom,



First of all I would like to show my gratitude to my God beloved who gives me the greatest things in my life so that I can finish this final project. I also would like to say thank you to:

1. Drs. Sudarno, M.A, as the Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University for approving this report.

2. Yusuf Kurniawan, SS, MA, the head of English Diploma Program for the advice and guidance.

3. Prof. Drs. M. R. Nababan, M.Ed, M.A,Ph.D. , my supervisor, for the patience and kindness in guiding me. Thank you very much.

4. Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M. Tourism as my academic supervisor, for the kindness and the guidance.

5. Slamet Priyanto, S.Pd, the headmaster of Top School Elementary School, thanks for the chance that you gave to me to held my job training in Top School. Thanks for your patience, kindness, and guidance.

6. All of the teachers, staffs, and students of Top School Elementary School especially for the third grade students.

7. My beloved parents, "babe and maknyak", for your support and your pray to me. I love you so much.

8. My brother, "Febri", thanks for your smile.



vii


　

9. My best friend, "Agnez", thanks for your support. Jbu sizt.

10. My beloved friends, " Resa, Itha, Titi " thanks for your support and for our unforgettable moments in this campus. I love you all.



11. All of my friends, thanks for your support and our togetherness.

12. All of English Diploma students especially for my friends in class B. Thanks for our great moment guyzz. Gbu.

13. The UNS staffs, FSSR Library staffs, SLC staffs, TU staffs, especially for mbak Heny thanks for your patience and for your help.

Finally I would like to express my gratitude to all of people who helped me during my study in English Diploma Program. Thank you very much.

The Writer viii




ABSTRACT
NOVA PRAVITA RUS DIANA, 2010, THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING GAMES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE THIRD GRADERS OF TOP SCHOOL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University.

This final project was written based on the job training done by the writer in Top school Elementary School, Baki Sukoharjo. This final project discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of using games in teaching vocabulary to the third graders in this school. It describes the using of games in the process of teaching vocabulary and finds out the advantages and disadvantages of the method used.

The steps of teaching vocabulary which was used by the writer consist of five steps. They are: motivating strategies that was done to introduce the new material so that the students are interested in it and to give the students chance to express their opinion, presentation strategy that was done to explain the material while the writer applied four English skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), skill practice that was done to measure the student’s ability in memorizing and understanding the lesson that they learned before, assessment that was done to check the student’s progress in learning the material, and closing that was done to remind the students about the material on that day.

The writer found out the advantages and disadvantages of using games in teaching vocabulary. The first advantage of applying some games in teaching learning process was the students could be more interested in learning the material and the second advantage of applying some games in teaching learning process was the teacher didn’t need to explain too many materials. The teacher just explained the materials needed by the students because they could understand the material on that day by doing the games. Whereas the first disadvantage of applying games in teaching learning process was the noisy condition make the teacher difficult to control the students. The second disadvantage was by doing games the teacher only had a little time to explain the material and gave some new vocabularies. So there was no longer time for teacher to explain more and help them to memorize all the new vocabularies. ix




TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE…………………………………………………………………………………….i

APPROVAL OF CONSULTANT……………………………………………………….ii

APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS……………………………………..iii

MOTTO………………………………………………………………………………….iv

DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………....v

PREFACE………………………………………………………………………………..vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………vii

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..ix

TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………………..x

I. CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION………………………………………………1

A. Background……………………………………………………………….1

B. Objectives…………………………………………………………………

C. Benefits……………………………………………………………………

II. CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………….5

A. Teaching and Learning……………………………………………………

B. Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners…………………………………

C. Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners by Using Games………………

III. CHAPTER III : DISCUSSION………………………………………………….10

A. Description of Top School Elementary School…………………………10

1. The Description of Top School………………………………..10

2. Structure Organization of Top School Elementary School……10

x


　



3. Extracurricular Activity of Top School Elementary School…..10

B. The Activities during Job Training in Top School Elementary School…12

1. Class Observation ………………………………………….…2

2. Making Lesson Plan…………………………………………...13

3. Process of Teaching and Learning Activity……………………3

C. The Process of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Games…………………14

IV. CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION…………………………..28

A. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………….28

B. SUGGESTION …………………………………………………………31

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES xi




CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background

Recently, English has become an international language that is taught by many people in the world. By mastering English, people can communicate with other people especially with foreign people easily and it can reduce misunderstanding in communication. In Indonesia English now is the first foreign language which is taught to the students at school. Thus, English should be taught to the children as early as possible. The aim is to make the children as the young learner familiar with English.

Teaching English to the young learners is not easy because English is not their mother tongue and it is a new thing for them. The interest of students in learning English is needed as the key to make them easier in mastering English itself. The teacher should have a good and an interesting technique to introduce English for them, so that the young learners will be interested and motivated to learn English.

There are a lot of ways to introduce English to the young learners. One of them is by using games. As we all know that children like play, so by using games as the teaching method the students can be more interested to learn English. Games are not only for fun but also for motivating students to master English fast and easily. Learning by doing is a good way to make them easy in understanding about English, because with doing fun activities by themselves, they will find it easy to remember and easy to learn about the material which is taught by the teacher. xii




In Top School elementary school, where the writer has done her job training, English is given from the first grader up to the sixth graders. The material is made simpler, the aim to make the students understand about English easily. The materials which are taught to the small class, they are the first grade up to the third grades are about basic vocabulary. It is about the things which they usually do or see in their daily lives such as things in the classroom, color, number, fruit, etc. Whereas the materials which are taught to the big class, they are the fourth grades up to the sixth grades are still the same with the small class, but it is more complex. Based on the explanation above, we all know that the most important thing which is learned to the young learners is about vocabulary.

In language learning, vocabulary becomes the most important thing that must be learned by the learners, especially for the young learners. In addition by knowing English words and their meanings, the students will find it easy to master English. However the students of elementary school are included in beginner level, so they still lay in learning English vocabulary. The problems that they usually faced are the difficulties in memorizing new words and their less interest in learning English. The teacher should apply an appropriate teaching technique to solve those problems. One of the methods which is used by the writer in her job training is by using games. The writer chooses that method because through experience with situations in which vocabularies are used by the young learners they can learn English vocabulary easily. By doing fun activities the students will be more interested, motivated, and easy to understand about the materials.

Each teaching method has advantages and disadvantages; likewise the method that the writer used in her job training is games. Although games have so many advantages, games also have some disadvantages. xiii




In this report the writer explains the advantages and disadvantages of using games in teaching vocabulary. Based on the explanations above, the writer presents the final project report entitled " THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING GAMES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE THIRD GRADERS OF TOP SCHOOL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ".

B. OBJECTIVES

Based on the background above, the objectives of this final project report are as follows:

1. To describe the process of teaching English vocabulary by using games to the third graders.

2. To find out the advantages and disadvantages of teaching English vocabulary by using games to the third graders.

C. BENEFITS

The writer hopes this final project report will give benefits to:

1. The English teachers of Top School Elementary School

The writer hopes that this final project report can give the inspiration to the English teachers of Top School in their teaching way. So they can choose the best method to make their students more interested and easier in learning English

2. The Reader

This report can be reference for the reader especially for those who are interested in teaching English by using games. xiv




CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Teaching and Learning




Teaching is the most important thing in learning process. Through teaching a teacher can help the students to understand about the lesson given. The word "teaching" according to Brown is "showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge causing to know or understand" (Brown, 2001:7).

Similarly, Brown said that "teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the conditions for learning" (Brown, 2007:7). Based on statement above, we can conclude that teaching cannot be separated from learning because they support each other.

Brown explains that learning is acquiring or getting of knowledge of a subject or a skill from study, experience, and instructions. Learning is acquisition or getting, learning is retention of information skill, and learning involves some forms of practice, perhaps reinforced practice (Brown, 2000:7).

Moreover, "Learning is a relatively permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behavior that results from previous experience" (Hamilton and Ghatala, 1994:7).

Teaching and learning are the main role in education system. In teaching process, the teacher has important roles in guiding the students to learn materials. While in xv




learning process the students receive and learn something from the teacher, and they give feedback to the teacher as their response.

The success of teaching and learning process depends on both the teacher and the students. They should have a good communication. Teacher should be a good teacher to make the student interested in learning the materials. Thus, the learner should give a good response to the teacher, such as giving a good attention to the explanation of the material given by teacher, asking questions, and answering the teacher’s questions.

According to Harmer, there are some characteristics that the teacher should point out to be a good teacher;

1. A teacher should make his/her lesson interesting.

2. A teacher must love his/her job.

3. A teacher should have his/her personality.

4. A teacher should have a lot of knowledge.

5. A good teacher is an entertainer in positive sense, not in a negative sense.

(Harmer, 1998:1-2)

By having the requirements above, the teacher will be able to become a good teacher and make the students more interested in learning English.

B. Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners




The word vocabulary based on the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, means list of words with their meanings. Vocabulary is the basic thing that should be mastered by the young learners. By mastering vocabularies young learners will be easy to understand the language. If learners do not know the meaning of words, they will have difficulties in understanding what they see, read, and learn. xvi




According to Coady and Huckin, "the vocabulary is central to language and critical importance to the typical language learner" (Coady and Huckin, 1997:5). It means that the learner should master the vocabulary so that they can learn or understand the language.

As stated by Harmer "at beginner and elementary levels it certainly seems a good idea to provide sets of vocabulary which students can learn" (Harmer, 1991:159). Based on statement above, we can conclude that teaching more vocabulary to young learners is a good way. In their ages, they will be able to master foreign language if there is a good method in teaching them.

C. Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners by Using Games

According to Hadfield, a game is an activity with rules, a goal and element of fun. (Hadfield,1 998:4).

Similarly, Harmer states; "Games are a vital part of a teacher’s equipment, not only for language practice they provide, but also for the therapeutic effect they have. They can be used at any stage of a class to provide an amusing and challenging respite from other classroom activity and are especially useful at the end of along day to send students away feeling cheerful about their English class".

(Harmer, 1991:101)

Games can be the media to teach vocabularies to young learners for some reasons. According to Wright, Bitteridge, and Buckby "games can be found to give practice in all the skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking), and for many types of communications (e.g. encouraging, criticizing, agreeing, explaining)". (1997:1) xvii




Games are used to make the children easier to understand and remember vocabularies in some topics. By using games, the children do not feel that they learn something through that activity. Through games the students become active learners.

Vocabulary should be mastered by the young learners so that they will be easy to understand the language. The way to make them easy in learning vocabulary is by giving a good method in teaching. The teacher should have a creative way in giving the materials to the students, one of the ways is by doing some fun activities.

"Children play and children want to play. Children learn through playing. In playing together, children interact and in interacting they develop language" (Brumfit, 1995:142).

Similarly, Virginia in her book Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary said that "there is truth in the belief that experience is the best vocabulary teacher "(Virginia, 4).



Based on the statements above, we can conclude that in teaching vocabulary the teacher should be able to create some various fun activities. The aim of that way is to make the student easier in understanding the materials and easier in memorizing the new words. Through experiences with situations in which a language is used by the students, they will be easy to learn and used the language.

Besides, we also know that young learners have a high curiosity in learning something new. But they will be able to get bored easily if there is the same method in teaching. So the various kinds of fun activities are needed to attract them and increase their attention in learning English. One of the fun activities which can be used in teaching English to the young learners is by using games. xviii




According to Harmer, "At the same time children’s span of attention or concentration is less than adults. Children need frequent changes of activity: They need activities which are exciting and stimulate their curiosity: They need to be involved in something active (They will usually not sit and listen)" (Harmer, 1991:7) xix




CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION
A. Description of Top School Elementary School

1. The Description of Top School

Top School elementary school is a private elementary school in Baki, Sukoharjo. It is located in Jl. Jetis Raya, Gentan, Baki, Sukoharjo It was built on May 21st 2002. This school is a school which makes English as their goal of the students in the future. The main purpose of this school is to familiarize students with English, for example if the students meet the teacher they will say "Mr or Ms" to every staff and also say "good morning, Mr or Ms" or "good bye", and every part in this school has its English name, such as: waiting room, hall, library, toilet, etc..

Teaching and learning activity starts from Monday until Friday and there is no teaching and learning activity on Saturday. Every Monday to Thursday for the small class(primary 1 up to primary 3) teaching and learning activity starts from 07.30 am to 12.45 pm and 07.30am to 13.45 pm every Monday to Thursday for the big class(primary 4 up to primary 6). On Friday the small class starts their lesson at 07.30 am- 11.00 am and the big class starts their lesson at 07.30-11.45.

The number of students in Top School is 30 persons. Every class has different number of students. The larger class is 5th grade. It has nine students. For her job training, the writer was placed in 3rd grade class. It has 5 students. Based on the interview done by the writer on March 15th 2010, one of the staffs in Top school said that Top School is made for small class for the reason that a few students will make xx



Primary Principal

Yayasan Graha Swadaya Mandiri

Director

Top School Solo

Administrator

Principal

Playgroup&Kindergarten

Primary Teachers

Customer Service and Office Boy
Teachers

Playgroup&Kindergarten

the teacher easier in delivering material and the attention of teacher will be more focused to the students.

2. Structure Organization of Top School Elementary School

3. Extracurricular Activity of Top School Elementary School

Top School Elementary school has some extracurricular activities for its students; they are swimming, music, Japanese, Pottery, and Dance. Different from other schools, Top school includes every extracurricular with the schedule. The purpose of this is to balance the student’s skill and the student’s intelligent, so that the students do not get bored. xxi

　



B. The Activities During Job Training in Top school Elementary School

1. Class observation

The writer did class observation on January 4th 2010 to observe teaching learning activities in Top School. The writer observed 3rd grade which was taught by Mr. Slamet, he is also the principal of Top School Elementary school. Firstly when he entered the class, he spoke English all the time. He greeted students and the students answered it well. Then he began to introduce the material. On the day when the writer did her observation, Mr. Slamet asked the students to listen the cassette with English but he didn’t give the clear instruction about the activity that the students should do. Because of that, not all of the students understood what they should do with the next step.



"Students, please listen to the cassette!" On the occasion, the students listen to the cassette and answer the questions.

All of the students in the 3rd grade were very active. It could be seen when the teacher explained the material, the students were very interested to follow the lesson. They also asked some questions to the teacher if they didn’t understand about something. The teacher answered those questions with English in simple vocabulary. It was done to make them familiar about English. Moreover when he began to start the game, they were very excited because they were waiting for it. There was absolutely a relation between the games and the material. The content of the game was about vocabulary. xxii

　



2. Making Lesson Plan

The writer made lesson plan before the writer taught the students.

During job training the writer got 3 topics, they were time, doing activities, and public places. Every topic contained some grammars for elementary school students. For example: present tense, present continuous tense, etc.

When the writer made lesson plan, it should be suitable for the topic. The writer made lesson plan in every meeting before the lesson.

3. Process of Teaching and Learning Activity

During holding her job training in Top School, the writer got Monday and Friday as the schedule of teaching the 3rd grade students. For Monday the English lesson in the 3rd grade of Top school starts at 09.00 am - 09.30 am. While for Friday, English lesson in the 3rd grade of Top school starts at 10.00 am-11.00 am. On those days the writer taught the material based on their book, Grow with English.



When the writer started her lesson, the writer greeted the students. After that the writer gave the lesson that had been prepared before to the students. The writer used the material based on the hand book that had been provided by the institution. The theme of the lesson on that day was about public places. The writer gave some clues and used some colored pictures related to the theme before she started to extremely explain new material about the theme. The writer gave opportunity to the students to answer the questions directly by raised their hands first. When they could answer the question, the writer asked them to write the correct answer in the whiteboard. After xxiii




that the writer started to explain the new material and doing games related to the theme on that day.

After the writer finished her lesson, she gave homework for the students to measure their ability in learning the material. Then the writer reviewed the material that had been learnt on that day. It was done to know whether the students really understood the material given or not. Overall the writer always used English in teaching their students. She used Indonesian language when there was a difficulty in understanding the explanation given.

C. The Process of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Games




There were five steps which were used by the writer in her process of teaching vocabulary by using games, they are:

1. Motivating Strategies

a. Greeting

Greeting is the first step which is needed in the beginning of the lesson. It is used to make the students familiar in expressing English greetings. The writer always greeted the students before starting the lesson, for example:

Teacher: Good morning students.

Students: Good morning Ms. Nova.

Teacher: How are you today?

Students: I am fine, thank you, and you?

Teacher: I am fine too. Thank you. xxiv




b. Warming up

Warming up or brainstorming is used to make the students interested in the lesson and it gives a chance for them to express their opinion. The writer did it by asking some questions related to the material which would be discussed in the lesson. For example the topic of the material was about public places. The writer gave the questions about public places by using some clues.

Teacher: Okay students, now Ms. Nova will give you a description about a place, and please guess what place is it. Are you ready for that?

Students: I am ready Ms. Nova

Teacher: Good. Now let’s start. If you know the answer please raise your hand. It is a large place. If you want to enter this place,you must buy a ticket. There are elephants, lions, giraffes, snakes, monkeys, and other animals. What place is it?

Livy: Zoo, Ms.

Teacher: Yes. That’s right. The answer is zoo.

How do you spell it?

Livy: Z-O-O.

Teacher: (while write those letters in the blackboard)

Good job Livy. xxv




It was done to make the students ready in accepted the material for that day. It could also make the students more interested and enjoy in learning the material.

2. Presentation Strategy

In this step, the writer began to explain the material by giving some skills that must be mastered by them in learning English. They are listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, and simple grammar.

a. Teaching Listening and Speaking

In teaching listening the writer used some colored pictures. In addition colored picture could make the students easier to imagine the real objects and more interested in learning the material.

Firstly the writer showed the pictures and then mentioned the name of the picture and after that the students must repeat after her. The material was about public places. The writer showed the pictures of people in public places.

Teacher: (show the picture of student in a library)

Nina is in the library.

Students: Nina is in the library.

Teacher: (show the picture of a boy in a restaurant)

Tommy is in the restaurant.

Students: Tommy is in the restaurant.

After that the writer pointed the students to answer her questions. It was done to check whether the students gave attention to the lesson or not. xxvi




Teacher: Ok, now Sevan please make a sentence based on this picture.

(show the picture of a man in a mosque)

Sevan: Lolo is in the mosque.

Teacher: Yes. Great.

Now Lolo, what about this picture?

(show the picture of a boy in the swimming pool)

Lolo: Tomo is in the swimming pool.

Teacher: Very good, Lolo.

Those dialogues could improve their listening and speaking ability. They were not only listened what teacher said but also could ask or say something in English too. From those dialogues the students also learned simple grammar indirectly.

b. Teaching Reading and Writing

In teaching reading and writing the writer used some colored pictures as the teaching media. First the writer asked the students to open their book on page 88. After that the writer asked them to concern in the picture of a boy in the swimming pool. Then the writer read the dialog text sentence by sentence and the students have to repeat after her. For example: xxvii




A: Where is Ali?

B: He is in the library.

C: What is he doing?

D: He is reading a book.

After finishing reading all the dialogs together, the writer asked the students one by one to read the dialog. Sometimes the writer corrected the wrong pronunciation of some students.

Afterward the writer asked the students to answer some questions written in their book.

1.

Mira : Where is Tessa?

Martin : She is in the ……….

Mira : What ……doing ?

Martin : She is …………. . xxviii

　



2.

Dita :Where …Koko?

Rina : He …in …….. …… .

Dita : What ………. ?

Rina : He …………a letter.

3.

Nina :Where …Bobby?

Tessa : He …in ………… …….

Nina : What is ………. ?

Tessa : ………………. . xxix

　



3. Skill Practice

After the writer explained the material on that day, she gave some exercises to the students. The aim of this activity is to measure the student’s ability in memorizing and understanding the lesson that they learned before. The writer used simple games to make them enjoy in doing their task. The following were the games applied by the writer in teaching public places:

a. Complete the Words and Match Them with the Pictures

This game is related to the theme public places. The writer provided papers contained some public places pictures with its meaning in missing word form. Then the writer asked the students to complete the words and after that they must match the words with the correct pictures. xxx xxxi




In this game the students must write the correct letters so that they can make a right word. After that they match the word with the correct picture. Through this game, it is expected that the students could improve their writing ability.

b. Crossword Puzzle

In this game the writer provided a paper for each student containing crossword puzzle with some public place pictures. Then the teacher asked the students to do it. After that the writer attached the crossword on the white board. After that she showed those pictures related to the crossword one by one to the students. Next the writer asked each student to say the name of the picture showed by the teacher, spell the names, and then write the names on the whiteboard. If the students made any mistakes in saying the name of the picture, spelling the name, or writing the right name, the writer corrected them. xxxii




From this game, the students could measure their writing and speaking ability xxxiii




c. Drawing a City Map

Firstly the writer gave an example of city map.

Then she provided a blank paper for each student. After that she asked the students to draw their own city map by listening to what the writer said. For example:

The zoo is in Brown street, near the park. The church is in White street, near the mosque. The post office is in Brown street, near the library. The school is in White street, near the bank.

By doing this game, the students could practice their listening and writing ability.

4. Assessment

This part is used by the writer to give homework to the students. The aim of this activity is to check the student’s progress in learning the material. The following was the example of the homework: xxxiv


　



5. Closing

After the writer had finished the material, she tried to remind the students about the material on that day. As the closing, the writer reviewed students about the previous material. The aim of this activity is to know whether the students really understood about the material that they had been learned before or not. xxxv


　



D. The Advantages and Disadvantages in Using Games

Based on the writer’s experience when she hold job training, she found some advantages and also some disadvantages in using games, they are:

Games are always loved by children. Games are related to fun, movement, and competition. Children can get bored easily if there is the same activity. Moreover their concentration is shorter than adult’s concentration. So the teacher must apply a good and creative method to keep the student’s concentration in learning the material. The use of games in teaching English vocabulary not only gave benefit both to the teacher and the students but also gave difficulty to them. From those reasons the writer will discuss about the advantages and the disadvantages of using games in teaching vocabulary especially to young learners.

The advantages and disadvantages of using games in teaching vocabulary especially to young learners are as follows:

1. The advantages:

The first advantage of applying some games in teaching learning process was the students could be more interested in learning the material. When the students were interested in learning the material, they would give more attention to the lesson given. That condition gave a good chance for both the teacher and the students. On the occasion the teacher could deliver the material very well and the students could understand what they had learned on that day.

The second advantage of applying some games in teaching learning process was the teacher didn’t need to explain too many materials. The teacher just explained the materials needed by the students because they can understand xxxvi




the material on that day by doing the games. The games could give the students more chance to understand the materials given because through playing they can learned something without realized that.

2.The disadvantages:

The first disadvantage of applying games in teaching learning process was by attracting student’s interest to games, all of them were active and made noisy. Sometimes they too much moved and spoke. That condition made the teacher difficult to control them.

The second advantage of applying some games in teaching learning process was by doing games the teacher only had a little time to explain the material and gave some new vocabularies. So there was no longer time for teacher to explain more and help them to memorize all the new vocabularies.

From all the explanation above, it shows that the using of games is good method for teaching English vocabulary especially by applying the creative activity one but there were also some disadvantages in using games in teaching English vocabulary to the young learners especially for the third grade students in Top School elementary school. xxxvii




CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion




There are some conclusions that can be drawn from this final project based on the discussion in chapter III. The conclusions are as follows:

1. The process of teaching vocabulary by using games consists of six steps. They are:

a. Motivating Strategy

 Greeting

The first step in teaching process is greeting. In this part the writer always began the lesson by greeting. It was used to make the students usual in using English greeting expression.

 Warming up

In this step the writer should apply strategies to gain the student’s motivation to focus in the lesson. One of the strategies done by the writer was by giving some clues related to the material and the students must guess what place the writer meant.

b. Presentation Strategy

In this step, the writer starts to give explanation about the material. The writer applied games method in presenting the material to the students. The writer also applied four skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) in delivering the xxxviii




material to them. In teaching activities the writer used some colored pictures. The aim to help her in delivering the material because pictures especially colored pictures could attract the student’s attention and make them easier to imagine the real objects.

c. Skill Practice

In this part the writer applied some vocabulary games. That vocabulary games contained four English skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). Those games are completing the words and match them with the pictures, crossword puzzle, and drawing a city map. Firstly the writer explained the rules of those games and after that she asked the students to play the games based on the writer’s rule. It was done to make the students to be more active and to make them enjoy in doing the task.

d. Assessment

This activity is done by the writer to check the student’s progress in learning the material. The writer gave homework to the students to measure their ability in understanding the material for that day.

e. Closing

This is the last part of teaching process. In this part the writer tried to review the students about the previous material. It was used to check whether they were understood about what they had learned or not. xxxix


　



2. The using of games in teaching vocabularies to young learners not only has some advantages but also has some disadvantages. They are as follows:

a. The advantages

- Games could make the students more interested in learning the material.

- Teacher didn’t need to explain too many materials to the students.

b. The disadvantages

- By attracting student’s interest to games, all of them were active and made noisy. So it was difficult for the teacher to control them.

- By doing games the teacher only had a little time to explain the material and gave some new vocabularies. So there was no longer time for teacher to explain more and help them to memorize all the new vocabularies.

xl


　



B. Suggestion




Based on the conclusions that have been presented previously, the writer would like to give suggestions to:

1. Third Grade Students of Top School Elementary School

It is hoped that the third grade students of Top school can be more interested in English.

2. The English Teacher of Top School Elementary School

It is expected that using games can become his references in teaching English to his students.

3. The Reader

It is expected that this final project can give information and references to improve the reader’s knowledge about the using of games in teaching vocabulary to the young learners especially to the third graders of elementary school. xli




BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allen, Virginia French. 1983. Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary. New York: Oxford University Press.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principle of Language Teaching and Learning. New York: Pearson Education.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: Pearson Education.

Brumfit, Christopher (et. all). 1995. Teaching English to Children. New York: Longman.

Coady, James and Huckin, Thomas. 1997. Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A Rationale for Pedagogy. Cambridge University Press.

Hadfield, Jill. 1998. Elementary Vocabulary Games. England: Longman.

Hammilton, Richard and Ghatala, Elizabeth. 1994. Learning and Instuction. United State of America.

Harmer, Jeremy. 1991. The Practice of English Language Teaching: New Edition. New York: Longman.

Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. How to Teach English: An Introduction to the Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Longman.

Wright, Andrew et all. 1997. Games for Language Learning: New Edition. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Sentences Form Very Important and some of videos

Realy Impotant:

1. https://youtu.be/o9aVjBHEEbU
2. https://youtu.be/m54Vfvt_QD4;
3. https://youtu.be/vBQyaHAHmmQ;
4. https://youtu.be/AM3RydRXn_g
5. https://youtu.be/_8ObuO5neR0;
6. https://youtu.be/7ZWXtyavnMw
7. https://youtu.be/aCM633yN5V4
8. https://youtu.be/UFuxlnUeGmg; despite,in spite of, although, eventhough
9. https://youtu.be/50syDdhrVPc;
10. https://youtu.be/_YrlbN87Wp8;
11. https://youtu.be/xR4TPLafBJY

The Pros and Cons of Using Facebook.

The Pros and Cons of Using Facebook.
 Before the first telephone had been invented by Joseph Bell, there were no other means to communicate from long distances except by telegraph or letters. This fact had set certain limits on the number of people one could contact at a distance; besides, communications were much slower than today. With the invention of the Internet, communicating with the whole world through a personal computer has become a reality. However, the true revolution in communication occurred when Mark Zuckerberg introduced his creation: Facebook. While being attractive for people all over the world, Zuckerberg’s social network also possesses serious threats and setbacks which may not be obvious at first glance.
Facebook is a great way to keep in touch with people who are far away. According to surveys, friends who reside in different countries and use Facebook to communicate with each other display a more optimistic mood and feel calmer about those who are close to them, compared to those who do not use any social networks, or use only email (IFR Database). People who use Facebook tend to feel like they are in touch with the rest of the world regardless of distances, and this sensation makes them feel better.
Facebook is a reasonable option for people who want to stay updated with the news of the topics which are of interest to them. Joining various communities regarding all kinds of activities, and receiving updates from them turn Facebook into an easy-to-use, completely customizable newsline. Hence, Facebook can be a useful tool for those who need to receive operational and fresh information.
At the same time, Facebook is known to be a factor which distorts one’s perception of reality, declines satisfaction of one’s life and personality, and negatively affects relationships between people. According to the research held by Ethan Kross of the University of Michigan and Philippe Verduyn of Leuven University, people who use Facebook often display a growing dissatisfaction with their lives, whereas respondents who use Facebook infrequently and socialize with peers in real life felt happier and healthier (The Economist).
The same research showed how the most common emotion experienced by people who regularly use Facebook is envy. This is due to the fact that people usually do their best to make their lives look better than they are in reality, and at the same time believe in the reality of “virtual lives” created by other Facebook users.
Facebook can be dangerous for teenagers and children. Parents who would like to protect their children from negative information on the Internet should consider how Facebook is full of links to other media resources, some of which can be explicit. Whereas it is possible, to some extent, to control a child’s use of Facebook, it is impossible to predict where browsing these links could lead them (TheOnlineMom). Due to the same reason, parents have a right to feel worried about the so-called friends of friends. One can know all the friends of their children, but these friends have other friends, who have a negative influence on these children.
Facebook is a tool which should be used with caution. Though it is a convenient way to stay in touch with friends and acquaintances who live far away, and to stay updated about events which are of interest for a particular person, it can also have negative impacts on one’s personality. For example, Facebook causes its regular users to feel envious about the lives of other people; it can also provoke dissatisfaction with one’s own life, especially compared to people who socialize more in real life rather than online. The relationship Facebook has with the world is bittersweet: but we may witness its relationship turn for the worse in the coming decades.
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References“Get a Life!” The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, 17 Aug. 2013. Web. 07 Mar. 2014. <http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21583593-using-social-network-seems-make-people-more-miserable-get-life>.“The Pros and Cons of Facebook for Kids.” TheOnlineMom. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2014.<http://theonlinemom.com/secondary.asp?id=1275>“What’s Wrong About Facebook?” IFR Database. 25 Jun. 2011. Web. 07 Mar. 2014. 4.3/5 Did you like this guide / sample? Sign up and we’ll send you more awesome posts like this every two weeks. Need Help? Ask an expert for FREEPopular QuestionsThesis statement and compare contrast essay asked by anonymousWhich of the following would best work as the title of an - See more at: https://academichelp.net/samples/academics/essays/analysis/facebook-analysis.html#sthash.E1Xc7ifF.dpuf

Advantages dan disadvantages

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Facebook

Facebook, being one of the most famous social networking sites comes with its own pros and cons. Here in this article, I will try to show some of the advantages and disadvantages of Facebook.  It’s No doubt, Facebook has helped a lot to cut down the physical boundaries, and it has its benefits for personal or for business purposes.

Facebook has helped a lot to create a personal brand for many individuals and for businesses. Moreover, it’s a major source of entertainment for people around the globe. Since, Facebook is a global social networking site available in various languages, country and language is not a barrier.

Also, with the Facebook translation feature, you will never miss out on connecting with Facebook users from different countries and with people who speaks different languages.

The Advantages of Facebook:

Facebook, with 900+ million active users, holds a lot of advantages. You can use it for your personal growth, professional growth or none the less you can use it to find a job for you.
As I mentioned above there are many advantages and disadvantages of Facebook, So lets start with some of the advantages of Facebook.

Facebook for Networking:

No doubt, Facebook is the most powerful social media and social networking site. You can use Facebook to connect with your family, friends, work colleague and to meet new people.
This is the best way to find your school, college or any other old profile. Most of the people who know how to use a computer and internet, have a profile on Facebook.
Moreover, it’s easy to find like-minded people by seeing their interests, and you can easily connect with them using wall updates, private message, poke or text, and video chat.

Facebook for Dating:

Facebook is also famous for finding a date.  College students and youngsters are using Facebook for dating and to make new friends. Indeed, with a social networking powered by over 900+million active users, it’s easy to find a date for yourself that shares common interest and hobbies.
This way, most of the time you don’t get into the issues of incompatibility. (Most of the time.)
One should be careful about fake Facebook profiles, though, as they are usually created by stalkers or spammers.
According to reports, Facebook is also becoming one of the major reasons for failed relationship and breakups.
So make sure, you use Facebook as a useful tool, and don’t misuse the networking power of Facebook.

Facebook for business:

Talking about Facebook advantages for business, it’s one of the largest site in the world where we are allowed to connect to everyone.

Anyone, can take advantage of Facebook to maintain a good relationship with others, who identify with certain tastes or products. This is very important because later you can sell a product or promote products or services, thus increasing the possibilities of making money on the Internet.

Facebook allows the establishment of partnerships between various projects. Moreover, using a Facebook fan page, you can increase your brand value and social media presence for your business. Facebook, helps you to find new leads and client if you use it properly.

Facebook video chatting:

Facebook can also be used as video chat tool. Recently Facebook implemented Facebook video chat feature in partnership with Skype, and now you can make video calls to your friends using the Facebook inbuilt video chat app.

Facebook as an Image or video hosting site:

You can also use Facebook as an image or video hosting site. You can set privacy for individual album to make your video and image collection private or public.
Moreover, you can always download your complete collection of Facebook photos and videos using the Facebook backup account feature.

Facebook as source of information & news:

Talking about positives of Facebook, it’s a real-time social networking site, and it’s one of the best sources to stay updated with latest news and updates. Major news usually goes viral on Facebook, and you will not miss important updates.

Bloggers and Internet marketers can subscribe to popular blog Fan pages and keep themselves up with latest updates. In fact, I have one profile just to gather news. You can see our article on RSS graffiti, which will give you an idea of how you can use Facebook as a personal RSS reader.

Facebook as personal portfolio:

Facebook timeline gives a completely new look regarding your personal profile branding. With the Facebook timeline cover, you can easily create your first impression, or you can be creative, and you can use the cover pic to tell people about yourself.

Also, you can set your certain updates as public, and if done strategically, you can use it as your portfolio. For example, if you want people to recognize you as a Facebook business expert (provided you are one),  you can set privacy to public for your most commented and liked “Facebook for business tips, articles, and discussions.”

This way all your new profile visitors will see your expertise, and will be connecting with you because of your useful and targeted updates. This will also help you to get more subscribers and also help you to get clients as well.

The disadvantages of Facebook:

Facebook privacy:

One of the major concern and disadvantages of the Facebook is to do with Facebook privacy. In the past, it has created many buzz due to sudden changes in Fb privacy settings but now Facebook has simplified it’s privacy setting. Due to ignorance and lack of understanding of Facebook privacy feature, people make many mistakes.
Another situation to consider has to do with the availability of information too personal, whether in the video, pictures or text. Never give out too much personal information. As throughout the Internet, we should bear in mind the privacy of your personal data, because after they are placed online lose your control.

Private status published as Publicly:

One of the most prominent disadvantages of Facebook is your privacy on Facebook. Later on, Facebook simplified the Facebook privacy, but still many newbies makes mistakes by publishing private images and status update publicly.

Also, people usually keep their Facebook friend list visible to public, and this helps Facebook stalkers to find more information about you. You can read our guide on how to hide Facebook friend list from others.

Fake Facebook profile:

Facebook is full of fake profiles of girls and guys. You will find tons of fake Facebook profile with a beautiful profile picture of a girl.

There is no limit to such profile, and most of them are created by stalkers or by marketers to gain more friends and use it for their marketing purposes.

There are many ways by which you can find a Fake Facebook profile, which we will cover in the upcoming article.

Not using Facebook list feature:

Many users still don’t use Facebook list feature which is very helpful to keep your status updates targeted to the specific friend list, like College friends, Office friends and so on.

I’m sure you might not like to get fired from your job because of silly status updates against your boss or office. If you are new to the Facebook list, read our guide on How to use Facebook list.

Time-consuming:

Of all the Facebook disadvantages, I believe this is one of the major reasons why people deactivate or delete their Facebook profile. Being, one of the best way to know what your friends are up to, people spend too much time on this social networking site.

Facebook offers many entertainment applications and games which engage users to a great extent. Apart from that, Facebook chat and Facebook video chat are another two-time consuming feature.

If you want to use Facebook for your advantages, use it for specific time-limit in a day. Spending too much time on Facebook might make you a Facebook addict, and you might end up wasting too much time on Fb.

Conclusion:

Weighing the scales as well, where we put the advantages and disadvantages of Facebook, we can conclude that, If Facebook is used in the right proportions and with proper care, It can be a powerful tool for marketing and networking.

Especially, for any online or offline business, one can leverage the power of Facebook for success of their business. Though, looking at all the advantages of Facebook, I would say we can always disregard various Facebook disadvantages. Inclusive you can make money on Facebook.

It’s why Facebook has become, in a short time, One of the most widely used marketing tools in today’s world.

Contoh penulisan essay

Name____________________________ Date _______________

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© TIME For Kids. This page may be photocopied for use with students.

Compare-and-Contrast Sample Paper

Elementary School and Middle School:

The Differences and Similarities

What is it like to transition from elementary to middle school?

That is a question many kids ask each year. Having experienced

both, I can tell you that there are plenty of similarities as well as

some very big differences between the two types of schools.

Elementary schools and middle schools have many traits in _

common. Typically, both are open five days a week for a set _

number of hours each day. Students sit at desks in classrooms _

and are expected to listen to and learn from their teachers. There _

is a set time for lunch. Each day, students are given homework _

assignments. Students take quizzes and tests. In all of these ways,

middle school should feel somewhat familiar to new students.

However, there are some big changes that new middle school

students should be aware of. In elementary school, students _

usually stay in the same classroom with one teacher for most of _

the day. That is not the case in middle school, where students _

typically have a different teacher for each subject. Students must

move to a different classroom for each subject too. Since there is

not one classroom in which to store supplies, middle schools often

provide students with lockers. For many kids, getting a locker is a

welcome rite of passage.

Making the move from elementary school to middle school _

may seem scary, but knowing what to expect can really help. _

Elementary school provides kids with the experiences they need _

to be ready for middle school. Even though moving on means _

adjusting to a new environment, some things, including many of

the classmates who accompany you, will remain the same.

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Pros and Cons of Using Internet

Advantages of Using Internet {Merits of Using Internet}

Internet is advantageous if boys and girls will use it in good purpose. Acquiring information using internet has become very easy. People get everything from internet. Online shopping, online chatting, online banking etc. Everything can be gained using internet anywhere at any time. Distance education is advantage of internet, using internet education can be taught at rural areas where there are no teachers available. Students in village can learn through internet they give online exam. Everything has become online today even there is no need to go outside for food; using internet we can order food as well.so it has lots of advantages.

DisAdvantages of Using Internet {DeMerits of Using Internet}

Every coin has two side and same as internet too. Internet has disadvantageous for who use it bad purpose. Hacking, shipping, fishing, intruding, cyber-crime is taking place just because of internet. Even college students who use it for bad purpose face difficulty and get fished into some fishy tricks. Security is main aspect in internet if people are doing transaction of lakhs and if someone hacks its account them it can be disadvantageous.so security and usability are prime concern of internet.

Conclusion

So if the thing is available for two purposes then we should always look for the positive one. If we use it positively we can increase our knowledge and earn money too. Information can be easily retrieved using it. Internet is boon for those who use it for positive purpose and curse for whom who use it for negative purpose.

--------------------------------------------

Pros and Cons of Using Internet

Advantages of Using Internet {Merits of Using Internet}

Internet is advantageous if boys and girls will use it in good purpose. Acquiring information using internet has become very easy. People get everything from internet. Online shopping, online chatting, online banking etc. Everything can be gained using internet anywhere at any time. Distance education is advantage of internet, using internet education can be taught at rural areas where there are no teachers available. Students in village can learn through internet they give online exam. Everything has become online today even there is no need to go outside for food; using internet we can order food as well.so it has lots of advantages.

DisAdvantages of Using Internet {DeMerits of Using Internet}

Every coin has two side and same as internet too. Internet has disadvantageous for who use it bad purpose. Hacking, shipping, fishing, intruding, cyber-crime is taking place just because of internet. Even college students who use it for bad purpose face difficulty and get fished into some fishy tricks. Security is main aspect in internet if people are doing transaction of lakhs and if someone hacks its account them it can be disadvantageous.so security and usability are prime concern of internet.

Conclusion

So if the thing is available for two purposes then we should always look for the positive one. If we use it positively we can increase our knowledge and earn money too. Information can be easily retrieved using it. Internet is boon for those who use it for positive purpose and curse for whom who use it for negative purpose.